Which of the following techniques is the least invasive for body composition assessment?

Bioelectrical impedance analysis is considered the least invasive technique for body composition assessment. This method involves sending a low-level electrical current through the body and measuring the resistance encountered. Since it primarily requires the participant to stand or lie down with electrodes placed on the skin, there are no complex procedures or discomfort involved. Additionally, it does not require any special preparation or exposure to radiation, making it very user-friendly.

In contrast, hydrostatic weighing is more invasive as it involves submerging the individual in water and measuring their weight underwater, which can be uncomfortable for some and requires specific equipment. DEXA scanning entails a low level of radiation exposure while using imaging technology to assess body composition; although it is quite accurate, it requires specialized equipment and tends to be more complex and time-consuming. Skinfold measurements, while relatively simple, still require the use of calipers and involve pinching the skin, which can be less comfortable compared to the non-invasive nature of bioelectrical impedance analysis.