Which body composition assessment method is considered the gold standard for accuracy?

Underwater weighing, also known as hydrostatic weighing, is regarded as the gold standard for assessing body composition due to its high level of accuracy in determining body density. This method works on the principle of buoyancy and Archimedes' principle, where an individual's weight in water is compared to their weight out of the water. This measurement provides important information regarding body volume, which, along with body weight, helps accurately estimate body fat percentage.

The precision of underwater weighing depends on several factors, including the individual’s ability to expel air from their lungs fully, and it typically requires specialized equipment and trained personnel, which adds to its reliability. Other assessment methods, while useful, may not offer the same level of accuracy regarding body fat and lean mass measurement.