What does a higher percentage of body fat indicate?

A higher percentage of body fat is generally associated with an increased risk of obesity-related diseases. This association occurs because excess body fat, especially when concentrated around the abdomen, can lead to several health issues. These include type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and certain types of cancer. The more body fat a person has, the more likely they are to experience these conditions due to the metabolic and hormonal changes that excess fat can cause.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately correlate with a higher percentage of body fat. While undernutrition might be linked to lower body fat, a higher percentage of body fat typically signifies an abundance rather than a deficiency. Increased muscle mass is not directly indicated by higher body fat; instead, it relates to an increase in lean tissue, which often corresponds with a lower body fat percentage. Lastly, an improved metabolic rate is generally associated with higher muscle mass and lower body fat; higher body fat typically indicates a slower metabolism rather than an improved one.