How do hormonal changes affect body composition?

Hormonal changes significantly influence body composition by affecting both fat distribution and overall metabolism. Hormones such as insulin, cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone play crucial roles in regulating how the body stores fat and builds muscle.

For instance, insulin is pivotal in energy storage, promoting glucose uptake into cells and facilitating the storage of excess energy as fat. Cortisol, often referred to as the stress hormone, can lead to increased fat accumulation, particularly in the abdominal area, when present in high levels over extended periods. Meanwhile, testosterone and estrogen can influence muscle mass and body fat distribution, impacting how individuals store fat in areas like the hips, thighs, or midsection.

Changes in these hormonal levels—whether due to age, stress, diet, or other factors—can lead to alterations in body composition, such as increases in body fat percentage or shifts in lean muscle mass. Therefore, understanding hormonal influences is essential for effective body composition management and for developing strategies that support healthy body weight and composition.